by Michele | Feb 6, 2024 | Uncategorized
Many travellers are wondering which of the two archaeological towns are worth visiting if you have limited time. Although we believe that cultural excellence cannot be boxed into rankings of beauty and importance, with this short article we try to find an answer by showing the main differences and similarities between the two fascinating archaeological sites.
Pompeii
Herculaneum
Similarities
The early stages of the history of the two cities are quite dark. We know that in the initial centuries of the first millennium BC the Oscans, a fierce indigenous population, populated most of Campania. From the eighth century, Greek and Etruscan colonization began, which took large territories from the Oscans. It is possible that the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum were founded between the seventh and sixth centuries by the Etruscans in places where maybe small Oscan settlements probably existed.
The people of the Samnites, who are thought to descend from the Oscans relegated to the Campania hinterland due to colonization, regained much of the region, and therefore Pompeii and Herculaneum, towards the end of the fifth century BC Finally, Rome planned to expand south of the peninsula in the fourth century, and after having fought the violent Samnite Wars for several decades, completed around 290 BC the conquest of Campania. Pompeii and Herculaneum remained two cities subject to Rome for about three centuries, until the day of their tragic end caused by Vesuvius in 79 AD.
The degree of conservation of both sites is very high. Streets with a perfect paving, frescoes with bright colours, extraordinary mosaics, rich houses, shops, and places of worship give travellers an exceptional visit of its kind. The traces of everyday life, like the hundreds of graffiti found on the walls of every public and private building, are still very clear, giving us an unparalleled glimpse of Roman society.
The distance as the crow flies between the two extraordinary buried cities is around 14 km. Herculaneum is about 6500 meters from the crater, Pompeii about 10500 meters. Both overlook the crowded gulf of Naples, which was already densely inhabited in Roman times as witnessed by Strabo in his Geographies, “…it is all occupied and by the cities we have said and by buildings and plantations which, by interposing each other seamlessly, they give the impression of a single city …”
The systematic excavations of both sites began at the behest of the great Enlighten king Charles III of Bourbon. It began in 1728 in Herculaneum, here extraordinary vestiges were immediately brought to light, and therefore in 1738 it was decided to proceed with excavations also in the fertile countryside where Pompeii remained buried for many centuries.
Differences
In 79 AD Mount Vesuvius generated a violent eruption that buried Pompeii with a layer of ashes and pumice between 3 and 5 meters thick, while Herculaneum was buried during the same volcanic event by two large mud flows between 15 and 25 meters thick overall.
In Herculaneum it is possible to admire the high floors of some buildings. Immediately after the eruption, most of the upper floors of the buildings in Pompeii emerged from the ground, and therefore were destroyed by the weather and by the farmers who soon returned to cultivate those fertile volcanic lands.
A violent fire burnt Herculaneum just before being buried by the mudslides. Coal does not decompose, and can remain unchanged for millennia, therefore in the city of Hercules furniture, decorations and architectural elements in charred wood have been preserved. Traces of many fires are also visible in Pompeii, but the number of charred finds found here is much lower than in Herculaneum.
Pompeii is stretched for about 60 hectares, of which two thirds have been excavated. The part of the city that is still buried is destined for horticultural crops. The excavated portion of Herculaneum extends for just less than 4 hectares. The perimeter of Pompeii is perfectly known, since all the walls have been brought to light, while the limits of ancient Herculaneum, which today is largely covered by the modern city, are not known.
Archaeologists estimate that Pompeii could have a population of 10,000 / 12,000 inhabitants, while in Herculaneum about 3000/4000 people could live.
Pompeii was a port city, located at the mouth of the Sarno river, then navigable and well connected to thriving inland cities such as Nocera, Acerra and Nola. The vocation of the city was therefore commerce. Precious agricultural products were exported, such as wine, garum and precious fabrics. Large markets were located in the city and there were large public buildings for political assemblies and religious cults. Pompeii was therefore a dynamic city, where men and goods landed from all over the Mediterranean basin, from Asia and from northern Europe.
Herculaneum was a village nestled on a volcanic cliff in the centre of the Gulf of Naples, and was primarily a holiday resort, where the Roman aristocracy spent pleasant summer vacations away from the heat of Rome. The Economy of Herculaneum was based on the administration of the rich villas, estates and productive activities that the Roman ruling class possessed in the area. For example Marco Nonio Balbo, former governor of Crete and Cyrenaica, retired and lived the last years of his life here; and the Pisoni, very rich exponents of the Roman senatorial class related to Augusto, owned a wonderful Villa in Herculaneum, perfectly intact at the time of its discovery in 1752. The famous Villa dei Papiri.
Thousands were the victims, although the exact number is not known. Most of those unfortunate died suffocated by poisonous gases and which invaded the towns a few hours after the outbreak of the volcano. Numerous casts exist of the victims of Pompeii. Although they resemble stone statues, they are made by pouring liquid plaster into the voids generated by the decomposition of bodies in volcanic ash. It is a positive transposition of the negative left in the ashes that compacted around the body of the deceased.
In Herculaneum, however, only the skeletons are preserved, piled in large numbers at the beach, where men, women and children had taken refuge to escape the eruption. These bones, always in perfect anatomical connection, still maintain the position taken by those people in the last moment of their life. Both in Pompeii and Herculaneum, the macabre spectacle is impressive. These individuals who fell because of the volcano tell the story of the tragedy as in a real photograph.
The urban layout of Pompeii is extraordinarily well preserved. Walking, and perhaps getting lost, in the narrow streets of the city can give an emotion that everyone should experience at least once in their life. The archaeological area of Herculaneum, although having appreciable dimensions, is much smaller than Pompeii, and it would be quite difficult to get lost in its fascinating streets.
To answer the question covered by this article, we suggest the following:
- If you have two days, we recommend visiting both sites, dedicating a full day to Pompeii and half a day to Herculaneum.
- If you only have one day, we suggest you dedicate the morning (from 2 to 4 hours) to the visit of Pompeii and the afternoon (2 or 3 hours) to the visit of Herculaneum
- If you only have a few hours available, we suggest starting with a visit to Pompeii.
- The tours led by archaeologists organized by Askos Tours are the best way to discover all the secrets of the two cities.
Explore our Pompeii and Herculaneum Tours Here
by Michele | Feb 6, 2024 | Uncategorized
We are proud to announce that have appeared on the National Geographic Travelers collection 2020, listed among the operators of the most beautiful experiences in Europe.
It is an enormous satisfaction for us that our passion is repaid in this extraordinary way.
But we don’t stop here, despite the forced arrest due to the current health crisis, we continue to work hard to ensure that our tours remain among the most beautiful memories of travelers..
This beautiful recognition fills us with strength!
Nat Geo article here!
by Michele | Feb 6, 2024 | Uncategorized
UNESCO World heritage-listed Rome is home to some of the world’s oldest and most fascinating treasures, from the Spanish Steps to the Pantheon, the Vatican Museums, and the mighty Colosseum. Exploring independently means you’re free to see the city at your own pace, but comes with a unique set of challenges which must be overcome in order to make the most of your time there.
In today’s blog, we outline a few challenges that exploring Rome can bring, and share info on our solution to enjoy the best this spectacular city has to offer – in complete comfort, with an expert guide.
Navigating a Foreign City
Navigating a foreign city, where the roads are unfamiliar and the public transportation system is confusing, can quickly eat into your valuable sightseeing time. Time spent deciphering maps, figuring out bus routes, or hailing taxis is better spent immersing yourself in the rich history that surrounds you.
A private guided tour of Rome can not only provide the convenience of pre-planned walking route or pre-booked transportation (depending on your tour-type), but also a seasoned guide who knows the ins and outs of the city – ensuring you get to the most captivating sites without the stress of navigating the maze-like streets.
Lengthy Ticket Queues
Rome’s global popularity as a historic destination comes with a downside: lengthy admission queues. Standing in line for hours under the scorching sun or chilly breeze can be disheartening, especially when you’re eager to explore iconic sites like the Colosseum and Vatican Museums.
Many of our private guided tours in Rome include pre-booked entry tickets, saving you time and allowing you to delve straight into the heart of Rome’s treasures. This means more time admiring the architecture, and less time fidgeting in queues.
Lack of Historic Info and Context
Imagine gazing upon the majestic Colosseum or standing beneath the awe-inspiring ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and not being able to fully grasp the historical significance and stories that make these places come alive. Exploring these sites independently leaves you yearning for context – those hidden secrets and captivating anecdotes that give each stone and brushstroke a deeper meaning.
Guided sightseeing tours are led by experts well-versed in Rome’s history, dedicated to sharing the hidden secrets and rich details that breathe life into Rome’s ancient ruins and fascinating artworks.
Local Knowledge
While Rome welcomes millions of tourists each year, it’s easy to fall into the trap of tourist-centric activities and miss out on the authentic experiences that locals cherish. Locating charming eateries tucked away in cobblestone alleys, stumbling upon vibrant markets, and discovering lesser-known historical gems requires a level of local knowledge that only residents possess.
Our private guided tour of Rome takes in the Colosseum and the Vatican Museums, and connects you with guides who are not only knowledgeable about Rome’s history but are also well-acquainted with the city’s hidden gems, ensuring you experience Rome through a more authentic and local lens.
If you’re considering a trip back in time to the days of ancient Rome, let Askos Tours be your guide. We specialize in tours and activities with an archaeological and artistic theme across Italy, and we look forward to helping you make unforgettable memories with us.
by Michele | Feb 6, 2024 | Uncategorized
Pompeii stands today as an archaeological marvel, drawing people from around the world to admire its preserved ruins and explore the insights they offer. Frozen in time by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, this ancient Roman city provides a unique window into history. Walking through its streets is like stepping back through the centuries, where stories of the past echo among the ruins.
Like many of the world’s most famous historic sites of interest, Pompeii is a busy place to explore. But there are many ways to make the most of your visit, enjoy added value for money, and leave with richer insight into the days of ancient Rome. Here, we share our expertise with a few of the best ways to explore Pompeii.
Visit in a Small Group with Limited Numbers
Opting for a small-group tour limited to 20 people means enjoying personalized attention from an expert guide, and an altogether richer experience. Your guide isn’t just there to rattle off facts; they’re your storyteller, ready to answer questions and tailor the tour to your interests where possible. It’s a chance to bond with your fellow travelers and dive into history together – without the crowds.
Save Time with Pre-booked Tickets Included
When visiting UNESCO-listed Pompeii, pre-booked tickets aren’t just a convenience, they’re a game-changer. By booking your timed entry in advance, you can spend more time soaking up the atmosphere around the Basilica, admiring the ancient frescoes, and learning of life during the days of the Roman Empire.
Explore with an Expert Archaeologist
Exploring with an expert archaeologist guide offers added value for money on a Pompeii walking tour. You’ll learn the hidden secrets of sites like the Thermopolium of Asellina and the Stabian Baths, that aren’t found in the guidebooks. Stories of daily life in the days of ancient Rome, intriguing anecdotes from a civilization lost in time, and insight into the city’s architecture all offer extra layers of insight into this ancient historic ruin.
Take a Breather to Absorb the History
A deep immersion into Pompeii’s history is no mean feat, and these ancient ruins can be tough to explore – especially when you consider the human tragedy at the heart of it all. Taking time out of your day to find a café, grab a snack, and let the morning’s revelations sink in. Enjoy a moment to contemplate the events of 79 AD in peace, away from the ruins.
Include a Herculaneum Visit on your Pompeii Tour
The neighboring site of Herculaneum offers further insight into life in Italy those many thousands of years ago, and couples perfectly with a guided Pompeii tour. Explore treasures including the House of Neptune and Amphitrite, the Shrine of the Augustali, and the Terrace of Marcus Nonius Balbus with your guide. Along the way, learn how the tragedy that befell the residents of Herculaneum differs from nearby Pompeii.
Include your Circumvesuviana Train Ticket and Reach Herculaneum with Ease
Beating the language barrier and navigating an unfamiliar city is tricky no matter where you are, and the combined sites of Pompeii and Herculaneum in Italy are no exception. By booking a sightseeing tour package that includes your Circumvesuviana train ticket from Pompeii to Herculaneum, you’ll make your journey smooth and hassle-free. There’s no need to stress over timetables or tickets, your guide will ensure you’re well-prepared and comfortable throughout the journey.
If you’re wondering where to find a Pompeii tour that delivers on all the points above, Askos Tours are here to help. Our Pompeii and Herculaneum Small-Group Tour with Archaeologist Guide is one of our most enduringly popular experiences, and includes everything you need for a truly amazing Pompeii and Herculaneum day tour. Follow in the footsteps of gladiators and emperors, and join us on a journey that brings Roman history to life!
by Michele | Feb 6, 2024 | Uncategorized
Perched atop the cliffs high above the sparkling Tyrrhenian Sea, UNESCO World Heritage-listed Ravello is considered by many to be the jewel in the crown of Italy’s spectacular Amalfi Coast. This enchanting medieval town boasts panoramic views that must be seen to be believed, and a history dating back thousands of years.
Ravello sits in an idyllic coastal spot which captivates the hearts and minds of visiting travelers from across the world. The town’s ancient history is woven into the fabric of Italy itself, and its beauty has inspired artists, writers, and wanderers for centuries.
We’re proud to list Ravello among the Amalfi Coast destinations we feature in our itineraries. In our blog today, we’re sharing a little detail on the beautiful attractions, amazing scenery, rich history, and colorful culture which combine to make Ravello so special.
Exploring Amalfi History, Culture, and Cuisine in Ravello
Strolling through Ravello’s ancient streets takes you on a journey back in time, and this delightful town has a history every bit as rich and colorful as that of Italy itself. You can trace Ravello’s origins back to the Roman era, and this quaint little clifftop town has seen the rise and fall of empires – weathering violent wars, devastating plagues, and bloody invasions.
The enduring spirit of Ravello is a testament to the resilience of its people, and their determination to preserve their cultural heritage. You see that heritage almost everywhere you look in Ravello, from the diverse live music performances to the mouth-watering culinary scene, and of course the fertile Amalfi Coast vineyards – where local grape varietals flourish under the warm Italian sunshine.
A Few of Our Top Ravello Attractions
As a UNESCO-listed destination, Ravello is home to many fascinating sites and landmarks – many with dazzling coastal views. Among them, the magnificent Duomo di Ravello is widely considered among the town’s most beautiful attractions. This centuries-old cathedral showcases the best of Ravello’s architectural beauty, with an intricate facade and awe-inspiring interior demonstrating the devotion and skill of the artisans who crafted it. Highlights of a visit here include the Duomo museum and art gallery, both located within the cathedral itself.
No visit to Ravello would be complete without exploring the enchanting Villa Rufolo, built in the 13th century. Once one of the most luxurious properties on the Amalfi Coast, this medieval villa and its lush gardens have been a muse for world famous creatives including Wagner himself – who found enduring inspiration for his operatic masterpiece ‘Parsifal’ here. With peaceful pathways winding among the vibrant flowerbeds, Villa Rufolo’s impressive gardens offer a tranquil escape from the bustling world below.
Heading away from the historic heart of Ravello, the elegant Villa Cimbrone dates back to the 11th century, and stands as testament to the opulence and grandeur of times passed. This elegant stately home suffered centuries of neglect before being brought back to its former glory toward the end of the eighteen hundreds. Today, the Villa Cimbrone’s English Gardens count among the most impressive of their kind in the world, and the Terrace of Infinity at the edge of the property offers unparalleled views of the shimmering sea meeting the horizon.
Tucked away in a remote corner of Ravello near the Capo d’Orso promontory, the Principessa di Piemonte Gardens are another highlight worthy of special mention. The gardens here offer a quieter, more intimate experience than the attractions closer to Ravello center. Fragrant blooms and carefully sculpted foliage create an oasis of calm, making the Principessa di Piemonte Gardens a wonderful place to while away the time.
The Best Way to Explore Ravello
Meandering through Ravello’s narrow, pedestrian-friendly streets, you’ll stumble upon hidden gems, charming cafes, and artisan boutiques. For those seeking more active exploration, Ravello offers a network of walking routes and hiking trails that wind through the rugged terrain, rewarding intrepid travelers with even more breathtaking views of the coastline.
If you’re looking to spend time in Italy’s Amalfi Coast, our 2-hour private guided tour of Ravello covers all the attractions listed in this blog, and more. With your expert guide to lead the way, learn the secrets of Ravello’s historic sites, and admire the spectacular coastal scenery for which the town is famous.
Whether you’re wandering through its historic streets or gazing out at the endless expanse of the sea, you’ll be enchanted by the magic of Ravello.
